The differences between various types of network cables

Network twisted pairs can be divided into Category 3, Category 5, Category 5e and Category 6 twisted pairs. Category 3 has been eliminated, and Category 5 has gradually faded out of the wiring market.

The former has a thin wire diameter and the latter has a thick wire diameter. The models are as follows:

Category 1: Mainly used for transmitting voice (Category 1 standard was mainly used in telephone cables before the early 1980s), which is different from data transmission.

Category 2: The transmission frequency is 1MHZ, used for voice transmission and data transmission with a maximum transmission rate of 4Mbps. It is common in old token networks that use the 4MBPS standard token passing protocol.

Category III: Cable specified in ANSI and EIA/TIA568 standards. The transmission frequency of this cable is 16MHz. It is used for voice transmission and data transmission with a maximum transmission rate of 10Mbps. It is mainly used for 10BASE–T.

Category Four: The transmission frequency of this type of cable is 20MHz, used for voice transmission and data transmission with a maximum transmission rate of 16Mbps. It is mainly used for token-based LAN and 10BASE-T/100BASE-T.

Category Five: This type of cable has increased winding density and is coated with a high-quality insulating material. The transmission rate is 100MHz. It is used for voice transmission and data transmission with a maximum transmission rate of 100Mbps. It is mainly used for 100BASE-T and 10BASE-T network. This is the most commonly used Ethernet cables.

Category 5e: Category 5e has small attenuation, less crosstalk, higher attenuation to crosstalk ratio (ACR) and signal-to-noise ratio (Structural Return Loss), smaller delay difference, and greatly improved performance. Big improvement. Category 5e cables are mainly used for Gigabit Ethernet (1000Mbps).

Category 6: The transmission frequency of this type of cable is 1MHz ~ 250MHz. The Category 6 cabling system should have a comprehensive attenuation crosstalk ratio (PS-ACR) at 200MHz. Large margin, it provides 2 times the bandwidth of Category 5e. The transmission performance of Category 6 cabling is much higher than the Category 5e standard, and it is most suitable for applications with transmission rates higher than 1Gbps. An important difference between Category 6 and Category 5e is that the performance in terms of crosstalk and return loss is improved. For the new generation of full-duplex high-speed network applications, excellent return loss performance is extremely important. The basic link model has been canceled in the Category 6 standards. The wiring standard adopts a star topology. The required wiring distance is: the length of the permanent link cannot exceed 90m, and the length of the channel cannot exceed 100m.

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